Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspec

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable strength to shield delicate skin. This gentle ingredient has long been utilized in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's exterior, zinc oxide effectively reflects h